On 12 June 2025, Israel launched a series of airstrikes against Iran, targeting the country’s nuclear sites and military leadership (Brookings). While Israel launched strikes against the Natanz enrichment strike on the first day, it did not attack the Fordo site, long considered the most likely location for a nuclear weapons breakout program (CBS). The Fordo site is buried almost 300 feet beneath a mountain and is protected by significant air defenses (CBS). Recent news reports highlight how only the U.S. has the capability to deliver the GBU-57 A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator (“bunker buster”) bomb needed to damage the facility (ABC). Moreover, the Trump Administration is reportedly considering joining Israel’s efforts to strike Iran’s nuclear facilities (BBC). 

• Interceptions of Iranian missiles or unmanned drones. 
• U.S. military support to Israel, including deliveries of ordnance which are then used to strike Iran