DeepSeek, a Chinese AI startup, has rapidly emerged as a significant competitor in the global AI landscape, challenging established players like OpenAI and Anthropic, with models demonstrating strong performance across benchmarks in reasoning, coding, and mathematical problem-solving (BRACAI, Milvus). DeepSeek’s models have drawn special attention for being substantially cheaper and less resource intensive to develop and run while maintaining performance comparable to more expensive models. DeepSeek uses techniques like Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activation and multi-token prediction to optimize efficiency and accuracy and was trained using less powerful hardware (Nvidia H800 GPUs) and reinforcement learning, which lowered development expenses (Spheron, GSU).