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Why do you think you're right?
European defense spending is growing fast because of the war in Ukraine, and many European NATO members are already buying large amounts of military equipment from non-European suppliers like the United States and South Korea. Several countries, such as Poland, Romania, Germany, and Finland, have active modernization plans that often involve contracts worth more than €1 billion. Since only two new contracts over €1 billion are needed before July 2026, and demand for non-European weapons is very high, it is likely that this requirement will be met.
Why might you be wrong?
It is possible that European countries shift their purchases toward European suppliers to support domestic industry, which could reduce the number of large contracts with non-European companies. Some governments may delay or cancel planned procurements because of budget pressures or political changes. There is also a chance that future contracts stay below the €1 billion threshold or end up being only framework agreements, which would not count under the rules.
Why do you think you're right?
Both the U.S. and the UK are working on AI security, but their current actions are limited to voluntary guidelines and early policy discussions. Neither country has proposed or advanced a law that directly ties tax incentives to independent third-party audits of AI models, which is a very specific requirement. Because moving from voluntary frameworks to formal legislation usually takes many years, it is unlikely that such a targeted law will be passed before 2029.
Why might you be wrong?
Governments could act faster if a major AI-related security incident occurs or if international pressure increases, pushing them to adopt stronger rules. The U.S. already has interest in cybersecurity tax credits, and this could unexpectedly evolve into AI-specific incentives. Rapid changes in politics, public opinion, or global regulation might also speed up the creation of a law that currently seems unlikely.
Why do you think you're right?
I think this outcome is likely because many European NATO members are increasing defense spending after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing pressure to modernize their militaries. Several countries are already looking outside Europe for advanced systems especially from the U.S., South Korea, and Israel because European industry cannot meet all demand quickly. With rising security concerns and higher budgets, it is reasonable to expect that at least two European NATO states will sign large new procurement contracts over €1 billion with non-European suppliers before July 2026.
Why might you be wrong?
I might be wrong if European governments decide to prioritize domestic or EU based defense companies for political or industrial reasons. Strong pressure to “buy European,” supply chain delays, or budget constraints could slow down or block new large contracts with non European suppliers. It’s also possible that some purchasing plans get postponed, canceled, or scaled down due to economic conditions or changing political leadership.